Cylinder-oil composition and method of preparing same



?s;tented July 17, 3928,

FFQIRNIA.

srsmnss ora its brewing.

This invention relates to oils for use pri marily in hydrostatic sight feed lubricators, in which oil, emerging in drops or globules from the jet or nozzle of such devices, passes through liquid in a section of tubing of transparent material. so that the rate of supply of the lubricating oil may be observed.

Because of the comparative high specific gravity and high surface tension of oils having an asphaltic or naphthenic base as indicated in California crude petroleum stock, it is very difficult to obtain a cylinder oil which will feed satisfactorily in a sight feed lubricator. It is found that cylinder stock made from California crude petroleum oil or oil having an asphaltic or naphthenic base, exhibit a surface tension inherently greater than stock made from the eastern oils or crudes of lighter specific gravity and surface tension, and because of these characteristics, globules of such oil of the heavy California crudes resist for a longer period of separation from the jet or nozzle, with the result that during the attenuation of the oil film prior to severance thereof from the jet, the globule attains a comparatively large size, which ascends sluggishly in the buoyant fluid in the section of glass tubing. Large globules or drops are objectionable, because in the first place the time required for their formation, owing to tenacious surface tension, curtails and interferes with eflicient lubrication, and in the second place, interferes with proper and ready observation.

The object of this invention, therefore, is to provide an oil for lubricating purposes, and especially adapted for sight feed lubricators in which the surface tension of the oil is reduced to that degree that the oil-globules may be formed quickly of satisfactory size and speedily separated from the jet, and rise in their fluid surroundings without retardation due to rubbing friction which is the objectionable characteristic of oversized and deformed globules.

Globules of oil made from California.

crude, which has'been treated to reduce the normal surface tension thereof are very much smaller and have a regular sphericity as compared to the vacillating sphericity of bulky and oversized globules, the flatness and deformity of which indicate a lower surface tension. For this reason, a closer and A lication filed January 5,.

292?, Serial fie.

better observation of had than with buoyancy.

I have discovered that by mixing with a cylinder oil made from California crude stock certain sulphonated oils,the surface tension of the cylinder oil is reduced considerably and that such an oil composition will enable smaller globules to emerge from the jet or nozzle of the lubricator, with increased acceleration so soon as the surface tension of same is suificient to overcome their cohesion.

The sulphonated oil which I prefer to use is the product resulting from the interaction of ammonia and sulfonated corn or cotton seed oil. The roduct bears the trade name Turkey red oi which is readily soluble in cylinder oil and which, I have found, reduces the surface tension for the purposes mentioned.

In practice, the proportion which the Turkey red oil sustains to the cylinder stock is, about 2.5%, and the mixture is prepared at any convenient temperature, below the decomposition point of the sulphonated oil, through agitation.

I have found 'the Turkey red oil to be very effective in reducing the surface tension of cylinder oil made from California crudes, but there are other compounds and substances which, when added to the cylinder oil stock, will produce a like effect upon the oil in causing a small globule to be formed at, and to part from the jet or nozzle so soon as the buoyancy thereof overcomes the cohesiveness of the globules. Such compounds for reducing the surface tension of cylinder oils includes the sulfonated petroleum acids from petroleum, which petroleum acids are the sludges produced by the treatment of petroleum oils with sulfuric acid. These and other compounds and groups of substances that operate to reduce the surface tension of the cylinder oil stock, either directly or indirectly are included in this disclosure. Such substances or compounds which indirectly operate to produce or brin about the formation of smaller globules wlth low surface tension, are those which, when commingled with water are partly or wholly dissolved and provide an environment which effects reduction of surface tension of globule formed at the jet or nozzle. A compound of the lubricator may be globules having a sluggish agitated this kind may be a soap which will render the fluid in the glass of the lubricator soapy and may be mixed directly with the 03'1- inder oil, or the globules of the cylin er oil, unchanged by added compounds, may enter and form in a soapy fluid, in which event a like effect of the globule will be had. While the latter expedient may be resorted to with good results, I have found that compounding the cylinder oil as disclosed, with Turke red oil, works to better advantage in pro ucing globules, the cohesiveness of which is to be reduced to the point where small uniform globules will readily separate from the jet with continuous regularity.

As a specific example of a cylinder oil compound suitable for hydrostatic sightfeed lubri'cators, I may employ any high viscosity lubricating oil made from a California crude oil such for example, as a cylinder oil made from the crude oil obtained from Elk Hills, Kern County, California, and one which has a viscosity of approximately 154 seconds Saybolt at 210 degrees F. Preferably, about 2 per cent of Turkey red oil is added to the cylinder oil and the mass until a uniform mixture is obtained. The mixing may be facilitated by heating the mixture to a temperature ranging from 100 to 180 degrees F. or a little higher if desired. The time required for makin this mix depends upon the size of the hate the temperature employed and rate of agitation which may range from 15 minutes to 1 hour or a little longer, if very large batches are to be mixed. The following shows the physical test on a sample of cylinder aoil made from an asphalt base crude petroleum oil obtained from Elk Hills, Kern County, California, before and after the addition of 2 per cent of Turkey red oil: gravity, 182 Baum; flash, 515" Fahn; fire test, 595 Fahr.; viscosity at 210 F. Saybolt 154: seconds.

After being commingled with 2 per cent of Turkey red oil: gravity, 18.1 Baum; flash 515 F.;firetest, 595 F.,viscosity at 210 F. Saybolt 153 seconds.

It will be noticed that there is substantially no difference in the above physical test before and after the cylinder oil is compounded with the Turkey red oil. However, there is a decrease in the surface tension which the applicant has no direct means of measuring.

What I claim, is:

A process of reducing the surface tension of cylinder oil made from California crude petroleum stock, for use in hydrostatic sightfeed lubricators, which consists in mixing with the cylinder oil approximately two and one half per centum of Turkey red oil.

In testimony whereof I have set my hand.

RAYMOND '1. HOVVES. 

